{"id":3889,"date":"2026-07-11T10:12:59","date_gmt":"2026-07-11T08:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/?p=3889"},"modified":"2026-07-11T10:13:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-11T08:13:00","slug":"spolek-salamoun-v-berline-musi-pravni-moc-chranit-i-rozsudek-zatizeny-zavaznou-procesni-chybou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/2026\/07\/11\/spolek-salamoun-v-berline-musi-pravni-moc-chranit-i-rozsudek-zatizeny-zavaznou-procesni-chybou\/","title":{"rendered":"Spolek \u0160alamoun v Berl\u00edn\u011b: Mus\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moc chr\u00e1nit i rozsudek zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fd z\u00e1va\u017enou procesn\u00ed chybou?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u016f\u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t ponechat v platnosti pravomocn\u00fd odsuzuj\u00edc\u00ed rozsudek, p\u0159esto\u017ee \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017eila z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 procesn\u00ed chyba? Pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce je v\u011bnov\u00e1na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konference po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1 11. \u010dervence 2026 Innocence Project Deutschland na Humboldtov\u011b univerzit\u011b v Berl\u00edn\u011b. \u010ceskou republiku a Spolek \u0160alamoun v jej\u00edm odborn\u00e9m programu zastupuje m\u00edstop\u0159edseda Spolku Mgr. \u0160imon Mach.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konference nese p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eWhen Should a Procedural Error Justify Reopening a Final Criminal Conviction?\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu: \u201eKdy by m\u011bla procesn\u00ed chyba od\u016fvodnit obnovu pravomocn\u00e9ho odsuzuj\u00edc\u00edho rozsudku?\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Konference se kon\u00e1 hybridn\u00ed formou na Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 fakult\u011b Humboldtovy univerzity v Berl\u00edn\u011b a sou\u010dasn\u011b online. Setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed se na n\u00ed odborn\u00edci z akademick\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry, trestn\u00ed obh\u00e1jci, z\u00e1stupci projekt\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na justi\u010dn\u00ed omyly, \u010dlenov\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b Innocence Network i p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 instituc\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se p\u0159ezkumem pravomocn\u00fdch odsouzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moc nen\u00ed d\u016fkazem neomylnosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d pot\u0159ebuje, aby soudn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku nabyla pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moci a aby \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nemohlo pokra\u010dovat donekone\u010dna. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moc v\u0161ak nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1na za neomylnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pravomocn\u00fd rozsudek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdsledkem \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e do\u0161lo k z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na obhajobu, k opomenut\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f, pou\u017eit\u00ed vadn\u00e9ho znaleck\u00e9ho posudku, zatajen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed nebo k jin\u00e9mu procesn\u00edmu selh\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u011b zpochyb\u0148uje spravedlnost cel\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde vznik\u00e1 konflikt mezi dv\u011bma z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi hodnotami: mezi stabilitou soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b a po\u017eadavkem skute\u010dn\u00e9 spravedlnosti na stran\u011b druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u0159adatel\u00e9 konference upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech mohou i z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 procesn\u00ed chyby po nabyt\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moci z\u016fstat bez skute\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkumu. Hlavn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou proto nen\u00ed pouze to, zda k chyb\u011b do\u0161lo, ale tak\u00e9 to, zda pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d v\u016fbec nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd mechanismus k jej\u00ed n\u00e1prav\u011b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolek \u0160alamoun v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm programu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Spolek \u0160alamoun na konferenci zastupuje jeho m\u00edstop\u0159edseda Mgr. \u0160imon Mach<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm programu uveden jako \u010desk\u00fd advok\u00e1t a z\u00e1stupce Spolku \u0160alamoun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u0159adatel\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee \u0160imon Mach je absolventem Univerzity Karlovy, \u010dlenem \u010cesk\u00e9 advok\u00e1tn\u00ed komory a v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let se ve Spolku \u0160alamoun v\u011bnuje ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m trestn\u00ed justice, ochrany lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm mo\u017en\u00fdch justi\u010dn\u00edch omyl\u016f. Konference se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jeho vystoupen\u00ed je za\u0159azeno do bloku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open Systems: Procedural Error as a Ground for Reopening<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Otev\u0159en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my: Procesn\u00ed chyba jako d\u016fvod obnovy \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Spole\u010dn\u011b se z\u00e1stupcem \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v n\u011bm vystupuj\u00ed odborn\u00edci z Izraele, Kanady, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Norska. Samostatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek v\u011bnovan\u00fd americk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu p\u0159ednese Justin Brooks, spoluzakladatel a dlouholet\u00fd \u0159editel California Innocence Project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast v tomto bloku otev\u00edr\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: Je \u010desk\u00fd syst\u00e9m obnovy \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fd, nebo je otev\u0159en\u00fd pouze na pap\u00ed\u0159e?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 obnova \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: form\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enost, praktick\u00e1 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00fd trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d obnovu pravomocn\u011b skon\u010den\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje. V praxi je v\u0161ak tento mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd opravn\u00fd prost\u0159edek vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n natolik restriktivn\u011b, \u017ee se v z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch trestn\u00edch v\u011bcech \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepr\u016fchodn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soudy p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o obnov\u011b opakovan\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed ochranu pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moci p\u016fvodn\u00edho rozsudku. Podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b pozornosti v\u0161ak b\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u011bnov\u00e1no ot\u00e1zce, zda p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b obstoj\u00ed z hlediska procesn\u00ed spravedlnosti, v\u011bdeck\u00e9 p\u0159ezkoumatelnosti d\u016fkaz\u016f a pr\u00e1va odsouzen\u00e9ho na \u00fa\u010dinnou obhajobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00fd d\u016fkaz b\u00fdv\u00e1 odm\u00edtnut s t\u00edm, \u017ee nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b nov\u00fd. Nov\u00fd odborn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ozna\u010den pouze za jin\u00fd n\u00e1zor. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 procesn\u00ed chyba b\u00fdv\u00e1 pova\u017eov\u00e1na za uzav\u0159enou t\u00edm, \u017ee o n\u00ed m\u011blo b\u00fdt rozhodnuto ji\u017e v odvolac\u00edm nebo dovolac\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed kone\u010dnost p\u016fvodn\u00edho rozhodnut\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji ne\u017e \u010dlov\u011bka, jen\u017e byl na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b zbaven svobody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejde pouze o nov\u00e9 d\u016fkazy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdznam berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 konference spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v tom, \u017ee probl\u00e9m obnovy neomezuje pouze na objeven\u00ed nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bdka, nov\u00e9 listiny nebo nov\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku DNA anal\u00fdzy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edm\u011btem odborn\u00e9 diskuse jsou p\u0159\u00edmo procesn\u00ed chyby<\/strong> a jejich schopnost zpochybnit legitimitu pravomocn\u00e9ho odsouzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad o poru\u0161en\u00ed kontradiktornosti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nesd\u011blen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho d\u016fkazu obhajob\u011b, nep\u0159ezkoumateln\u00e9 znaleck\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry, odm\u00edtnut\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edch d\u016fkazn\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f nebo institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se projev\u00ed a\u017e po skon\u010den\u00ed v\u011bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procesn\u00ed pravidla toti\u017e nejsou samo\u00fa\u010delnou administrativou. Maj\u00ed zajistit, aby soud rozhodoval na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fapln\u011b, nestrann\u011b a z\u00e1konn\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho skutkov\u00e9ho stavu. Jestli\u017ee jsou tato pravidla z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem poru\u0161ena, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zpochybn\u011bn nejen postup soudu, ale tak\u00e9 samotn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nesta\u010d\u00ed m\u00edt obnovu v z\u00e1kon\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st konference se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 institucemi, kter\u00e9 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1vaj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 justi\u010dn\u00ed omyly mimo tradi\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m soudn\u00ed obnovy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edstaveny jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 revizn\u00ed komise nebo specializovan\u00e9 \u00fatvary st\u00e1tn\u00edch zastupitelstv\u00ed pro kontrolu pravomocn\u00fdch odsouzen\u00ed. Mezi diskutovan\u00e9 modely pat\u0159\u00ed britsk\u00e1 Criminal Cases Review Commission<\/strong> i americk\u00e9 Conviction Review Units<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nesta\u010d\u00ed pouze deklarovat existenci mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho opravn\u00e9ho prost\u0159edku. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je, zda m\u00e1 odsouzen\u00fd re\u00e1lnou mo\u017enost nechat sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edpad znovu nez\u00e1visle pro\u0161et\u0159it, zda m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k zachovan\u00fdm d\u016fkaz\u016fm a zda je p\u0159ezkumn\u00fd org\u00e1n skute\u010dn\u011b ochoten p\u0159ipustit, \u017ee se justice mohla zm\u00fdlit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce jako cesta ke zm\u011bn\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010dast Spolku \u0160alamoun na berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 konferenci navazuje na jeho rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se spolupr\u00e1ci s organizacemi, pr\u00e1vn\u00edky a odborn\u00edky sdru\u017een\u00fdmi v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm hnut\u00ed za n\u00e1pravu justi\u010dn\u00edch omyl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee probl\u00e9my \u010desk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu nejsou ojedin\u011bl\u00e9. Sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee existuj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, jimi\u017e lze p\u0159ezkum pravomocn\u00fdch odsouzen\u00ed u\u010dinit nez\u00e1vislej\u0161\u00edm, odborn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a skute\u010dn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro Spolek \u0160alamoun je \u00fa\u010dast v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm programu v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm potvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e1 zku\u0161enost s obnovami \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a justi\u010dn\u00edmi omyly pat\u0159\u00ed do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed odborn\u00e9 diskuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t se toti\u017e nepozn\u00e1 podle toho, \u017ee tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jeho soudy nechybuj\u00ed. Pozn\u00e1 se podle toho, zda dok\u00e1\u017ee vlastn\u00ed chybu p\u0159ipustit, d\u016fkladn\u011b ji p\u0159ezkoumat a napravit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moc mus\u00ed chr\u00e1nit pr\u00e1vn\u00ed jistotu. Nesm\u00ed v\u0161ak chr\u00e1nit nespravedlnost.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u016f\u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t ponechat v platnosti pravomocn\u00fd odsuzuj\u00edc\u00ed rozsudek, p\u0159esto\u017ee \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017eila z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 procesn\u00ed chyba? Pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce je v\u011bnov\u00e1na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3890,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archiv"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3889"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3889"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3893,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3889\/revisions\/3893"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}