{"id":2530,"date":"2025-01-28T14:38:47","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T13:38:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/?p=2530"},"modified":"2025-01-28T14:38:48","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T13:38:48","slug":"muze-soudce-poslat-obzalovaneho-do-vezeni-aniz-by-ho-videl-chystana-novela-trestniho-radu-budi-obavy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/2025\/01\/28\/muze-soudce-poslat-obzalovaneho-do-vezeni-aniz-by-ho-videl-chystana-novela-trestniho-radu-budi-obavy\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u016f\u017ee soudce poslat ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho do v\u011bzen\u00ed, ani\u017e by ho vid\u011bl? Chystan\u00e1 novela trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du bud\u00ed obavy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cesk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou: M\u016f\u017ee soudce poslat \u010dlov\u011bka do v\u011bzen\u00ed, ani\u017e by se s n\u00edm osobn\u011b setkal, vyslechl ho nebo provedl dokazov\u00e1n\u00ed? Tato mo\u017enost, kter\u00e1 byla v minulosti zak\u00e1z\u00e1na, se nyn\u00ed znovu dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do hry v r\u00e1mci p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 novely trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. Odborn\u00edci,  ve\u0159ejnost a Spolek \u0160alamoun bij\u00ed na poplach \u2013 podle kritik\u016f by takov\u00e1 zm\u011bna mohla ohrozit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch a oslabit spravedlnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jak dnes funguje trestn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee pokud n\u011bkdo sp\u00e1ch\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din (s trestn\u00ed sazbou do p\u011bti let), m\u016f\u017ee soudce rozhodnout <strong>bez hlavn\u00edho l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed<\/strong> a vydat tzv. <strong>trestn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz<\/strong>. Tento dokument nahrazuje rozsudek a umo\u017e\u0148uje soud\u016fm rychle rozhodovat o p\u0159\u00edpadech, kde je d\u016fkazn\u00ed situace jasn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trestn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazem lze ulo\u017eit nap\u0159\u00edklad podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd trest, pen\u011b\u017eit\u00fd trest, z\u00e1kaz \u010dinnosti nebo dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u011bzen\u00ed. <strong>Nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody ale soudce t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem na\u0159\u00eddit nem\u016f\u017ee<\/strong> \u2013 pokud usoud\u00ed, \u017ee je takov\u00fd trest nutn\u00fd, mus\u00ed na\u0159\u00eddit hlavn\u00ed l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed, kde m\u00e1 ob\u017ealovan\u00fd pr\u00e1vo se h\u00e1jit a \u00fa\u010dastnit se dokazov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento princip plat\u00ed od roku 2001, kdy se zm\u011bnou z\u00e1kona zabr\u00e1nilo tomu, aby lid\u00e9 kon\u010dili za m\u0159\u00ed\u017eemi na z\u00e1klad\u011b pouh\u00e9ho pap\u00edrov\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed bez mo\u017enosti obrany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh: v\u011bzen\u00ed i bez soudu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2025 se ale objevila novela trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 by umo\u017enila, aby soudci <strong>op\u011bt mohli trestn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazem pos\u00edlat lidi do v\u011bzen\u00ed, a to i bez hlavn\u00edho l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>. Tato zm\u011bna m\u00e1 podle jej\u00edch zast\u00e1nc\u016f uleh\u010dit p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm soud\u016fm a urychlit projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00edch kauz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Varujeme, \u017ee by se t\u00edm v\u00fdrazn\u011b oslabila ochrana pr\u00e1v ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch. <strong>Bez ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho projedn\u00e1n\u00ed by mohla b\u00fdt nevinn\u00e1 osoba odsouzena pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u00edsemn\u00fdch podklad\u016f, bez mo\u017enosti se h\u00e1jit nebo uv\u00e9st okolnosti, kter\u00e9 by mohly v\u00e9st k jin\u00e9mu rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pexels-donaldtong94-143580-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pexels-donaldtong94-143580-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pexels-donaldtong94-143580-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pexels-donaldtong94-143580-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pexels-donaldtong94-143580-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pexels-donaldtong94-143580-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed odborn\u00edci?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0158ada soudc\u016f, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f a ochr\u00e1nc\u016f lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v proti tomuto n\u00e1vrhu ost\u0159e vystoupila. Nap\u0159\u00edklad soudce Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu Radek Dole\u017eel uvedl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&#8222;Nesouhlas\u00edm s mo\u017enost\u00ed ulo\u017eit trestn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazem, bez vid\u011bn\u00ed a sly\u0161en\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho, nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody. Z\u00e1sahy v podob\u011b omezen\u00ed osobn\u00ed svobody pat\u0159\u00ed mezi siln\u00e9 vstupy do z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a svobod.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podobn\u00fd postoj zast\u00e1v\u00e1 i spolek \u0160alamoun, kter\u00fd se dlouhodob\u011b v\u011bnuje ochran\u011b pr\u00e1v obvin\u011bn\u00fdch a nespravedliv\u011b odsouzen\u00fdch. Podle nich by takov\u00e1 novela mohla v\u00e9st k <strong>zrychlen\u00e9mu a form\u00e1ln\u00edmu odsuzov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed bez d\u016fkladn\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed jejich p\u0159\u00edpadu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hroz\u00ed riziko justi\u010dn\u00edch omyl\u016f?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b mo\u017enost osobn\u00ed obhajoby a dokazov\u00e1n\u00ed hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v tom, aby soud rozhodl spravedliv\u011b. Pokud by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ud\u011blovat nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u00edsemn\u00fdch podklad\u016f, zvy\u0161uje se riziko justi\u010dn\u00edch omyl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd nemus\u00ed m\u00edt \u0161anci vysv\u011btlit okolnosti, kter\u00e9 mohly ovlivnit jeho \u010din nebo kter\u00e9 by mohly v\u00e9st k jin\u00e9mu trestu. Tak\u00e9 by se omezila mo\u017enost soudce osobn\u011b hodnotit d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost sv\u011bdk\u016f \u010di ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho, co\u017e je v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dasto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Co m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat d\u00e1l?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Novela trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du je st\u00e1le v legislativn\u00edm procesu a zat\u00edm nen\u00ed jist\u00e9, zda bude schv\u00e1lena. Pokud by pro\u0161la, mohla by znamenat <strong>z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnu v \u010desk\u00e9 justici<\/strong> a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1v ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 si zaslou\u017e\u00ed \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnou diskuzi. Pokud by toti\u017e do\u0161lo k oslaben\u00ed pr\u00e1va na obhajobu, mohlo by se st\u00e1t, \u017ee soudci budou pos\u00edlat lidi do v\u011bzen\u00ed <strong>rychle, efektivn\u011b, ale ne nutn\u011b spravedliv\u011b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na \u0161pi\u010dku EU v po\u010dtu v\u011bz\u0148\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b se vydaly cestou modernizace trestn\u00ed politiky, kter\u00e1 vede ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na obyvatele. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdjimkou. S 19 649 v\u011bzni v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 (<strong>181&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel) pat\u0159\u00ed mezi zem\u011b s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed v Evropsk\u00e9 unii. Zat\u00edmco okoln\u00ed st\u00e1ty \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed po\u010dty v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, v \u010cR se situace nem\u011bn\u00ed a m\u00edra uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed dokonce m\u00edrn\u011b vzrostla oproti roku 2022 (180 na 100 000 obyvatel).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spolek \u0160alamoun chce upozornit na v\u00e1\u017enost t\u00e9to situace, kter\u00e1 reflektuje absenci reforem trestn\u00ed politiky a p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Okoln\u00ed zem\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed po\u010dty v\u011bz\u0148\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Litva<\/strong>: Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu v\u011bz\u0148\u016f o 27 % mezi lety 2022 a 2024 (ze 232 na 161 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Polsko<\/strong>: Pokles z 203 na 185 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 9% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ma\u010farsko<\/strong>: I kdy\u017e vykazuje 187 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel, zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st tvo\u0159\u00ed osoby ve vazb\u011b. Po\u010det pravomocn\u011b odsouzen\u00fdch je zde ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v \u010cR.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Slovensko<\/strong>: Pokles ze 186 na 155 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje 16,7% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u011bmecko<\/strong>: Jedna z nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch hodnot v Evrop\u011b \u2013 pokles z 67 na 48 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rakousko<\/strong>: 107 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Finsko<\/strong>: 56 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It\u00e1lie<\/strong>: 103 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Francie<\/strong>: 115 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/2024\/12\/09\/ceska-republika-miri-na-spicku-eu-v-poctu-veznu\/\">zdroj<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Spolek \u0160alamoun dlouhodob\u011b upozor\u0148uje na neudr\u017eitelnost sou\u010dasn\u00e9 trestn\u00ed politiky. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika mus\u00ed p\u0159istoupit k reform\u00e1m a inspirovat se zem\u011bmi jako Litva nebo N\u011bmecko. Modernizace syst\u00e9mu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spravedlnosti a ekonomick\u00e9 udr\u017eitelnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ipravovan\u00e1 novela m\u016f\u017ee po\u010dty odsouzen\u00fdch ve v\u00fdkonu trestu je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it, co\u017e je d\u011bsiv\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cesk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou: M\u016f\u017ee soudce poslat \u010dlov\u011bka do v\u011bzen\u00ed, ani\u017e by se s n\u00edm osobn\u011b setkal, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2535,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,165,14,164],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archiv","category-media-a-justice","category-pachove-stopy","category-trestni-rizeni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2530"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2530"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2530\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2537,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2530\/revisions\/2537"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spoleksalamoun.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}